The project demonstrates the implementation of the sound spectrum analyzer for 8-bit microcontroller PIC18F4550 manufactured by Microchip . Spectrum analysis is performed using an optimized fast Fourier transform algorithm (Fast Fourier Transformation, FFT), written entirely in C language. Data Visualization (spectrum) is carried out in real time on a graphical LCD display with a resolution of 128 × 64 pixels.
Key Features:
- sampling rate 20 kHz;
- frequency range 312 Hz - 10 kHz;
- the display speed of 10 frames per second;
- display resolution of 128 × 64 pixels;
The main characteristics of the microcontroller:
- core PIC18, the operating frequency to 48 MHz;
- 32 KB Flash-memory programs;
- 2 MByte RAM;
- one 8-bit timer, three 16-bit timers;
- USB interface, SPI interface;
- 13-channel 10-bit ADC;
- 35 I / O lines for general use.
If such a file directly to Segal ADC of the microcontroller, we get only a small range of input voltage (0 V - 0.5 V), ie we obtain the values of only the top of the wave and the calculation of FFT algorithm will be incorrect.
In order to get the correct calculations, we need over the original signal to do some action. First you need to amplify the signal in order to use the entire working range of the ADC of the microcontroller (0 V - 5 V). In the second stage, we need to shift the signal at 2.5 V ("virtual" 0) to the ADC can capture all the values of the analog signal. Thus, the microcontroller will be able to do sampling positive and negative half-wave signal.
To this end, the device used a simple on-chip amplifier LM386-1 - we solve the first condition - the signal gain. Nutrition amplifier is +5 V, and because of this, we perform the second condition - positive offset signal. With the same purpose is permissible to use rail-to-rail operational amplifier (op amp output signal c scale, equal to the voltage supply).
Oscillogram below shows the shape of the signal after the amplifier LM386-1 (control point on the chart W3 ).
The device has a stereo input J4, but with two resistors (R1, R2) par 10k done mixing the two signals. With the potentiometer R3 is possible to regulate the amplitude of the signal. The output signal from the amplifier passes through a simple RC filter is 10 kHz, and the resulting signal to the input of the ADC of the microcontroller.
RC filter 10 kHz in our case used as a filter of "smoothing" for the FFT, which can not correctly detect a signal with a frequency above 10 kHz. It is worth noting: RC filter - the filter is simple and very inefficient, but this type of filter was chosen because of ease of implementation, since required all two passive elements. Users can replace this part of the scheme, such as a filter using the operational amplifier.
To display the data using a graphical LCD display ATM12864D , one based on the controller and KS0108B KS0107B. The display connects directly to a microcontroller with 8-bit bus. In addition there are three LEDs, which are used in the test mode conversion, "music-light." Two buttons SW1 and SW2 are used to switch display modes. The second connector J5 is designed to implement the through channel (eg, headphones). J2 connector is designed to connect the programmer and in-circuit programming of the microcontroller. To supply schemes applied voltage regulator LM7805 .
The developed one-sided printed circuit board is designed for use and installation of components with pin terminals.
However, a schematic diagram of the device is not complicated and can collect it on the breadboard. Possible to use another microcontroller, software compatible with the PIC18F4550 (for example, PIC18F2550 ).
Schematic diagram and printed circuit board (format and expressSCH expressPCB) - download
In the second part of this article, we look at the highlights in the software of the microcontroller.
